台灣民政府(TCG)人民身分證說明
有關「國家來源」部分


Application for an ID Card
Important Statement Regarding the Application Form

公告:本表格所填寫的資料,不得解釋為台灣民政府有意圖對人民基於「國家來源」,給予差別待遇或歧視。台灣是美國軍事佔領地。關於軍事佔領事務,有權威性的資料就是美國陸軍戰場手冊彙編 FM 27-10 ﹝又稱 「戰爭法」﹞, 第六章「佔領」第375 段規定:「佔領者得撤銷個人住所遷徙自由的權利、限制區域內行動自由、限制造訪特定地區、禁止移出與移入活動,以及要求所有居民攜帶身分證明文件。」 再者,「日內瓦戰時保護平民公約」 第49 條指出:「佔領者不得驅逐或轉移其部份老百姓到自己的佔領地。」基於這些在1949 年以前已經屬於戰爭慣例法的理由,1940 年代末到1950 年代初,中華民國公民大量地遷徙到佔領中的台灣,是嚴重地違反國際法。

OFFICIAL NOTICE: The information collected in the Application Form should not be construed as an effort by the Taiwan Civil Government (TCG) to institute policies of discrimination based on "national origin." Taiwan is territory under United States' military occupation. An authoritative reference for dealing with many issues regarding military occupation is US Army Field Manual FM 27-10 "The Law of Land Warfare," in which Chapter 6: Occupation paragraph 375 specifies: "The occupant may withdraw from individuals the right to change their residence, restrict freedom of internal movement, forbid visits to certain districts, prohibit emigration and immigration, and require that all individuals carry identification documents." In addition, Article 49 of the "Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War" clearly stipulates that "The Occupying Power shall not deport or transfer parts of its own civilian population into the territory it occupies." Based on these considerations, which were firmly established as part of the customary laws of warfare even before 1949, the mass immigration of Republic of China (ROC) citizens into occupied Taiwan in the late 1940s and early 1950s is/was a serious violation of international law.

1949 年年底遷移到佔領中的台灣時,中華民國中央政府就成為流亡政府。在國際法中並沒有任何行動、方法或程序可以使一個流亡政府成為自己居住地的合法政府。是故,中華民國想要重新獲得國際法上的合法性,必須回到中國南京市,而且在中國重新執政。

When the ROC moved its central government to occupied Taiwan in late 1949, it became a government in exile. International law does not recognize any actions, methodology, or procedures whereby a government in exile can become the legitimate government of its current locality of residence. Hence, for the ROC to re-obtain international legitimacy, it would have to move back to Nanjing, China, and reassume governance there.

綜上,熟悉戰爭慣例法的專家可以主張:中華民國流亡人口及其後裔並沒有任何自動獲得台灣地區公民權的權利。他們只能得到佔領者所許可核發給他們的居留或停留權利,無論該權利是受到什麼樣的限制。

Based on all of the above considerations, experts in the customary laws of warfare can assert that the ROC exiles and their descendants do not have any automatic right to local citizenship status in the Taiwan area. They can only enjoy the residency or visitation rights (however restricted) which the occupying power decides to grant them.